Geo-Information Modeling for Determining the Movement of Human Capital

The paper considers the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to assess the attractiveness of territorial entities of the Russian Federation in terms of the movement of human capital. The relevance of the study is because of the uneven distribution of human capital, the high rate of its migration from underdeveloped regions and municipalities, and the insufficient effectiveness of the policy pursued by regional authorities and local self-government. The purpose of the research is to develop a GIS monitoring of the socio-economic attractiveness of municipalities to determine the movement of human capital. The research methodology is based on the use of complex and statistical analyses, methods of geo-information modeling. The information basis of the study is the data of the regulatory legal framework of reference systems, official statistics of the Republic of Bashkortostan, and investment passports of municipal districts and cities of the region. The authors justify and formulate a list of requirements and limitations for the GIS software and tool complex. Also, the authors identified and disclosed the requirements for GIS information support: reliability, completeness, relevance, consistency, understandability (unambiguity). There have been generated major conditions for the correct operation of the GIS software for monitoring the attractiveness of municipalities, considering the limitations of the current legislation. The research developed and described the functional basis of the GIS, which includes two key components with corresponding structural elements and tools: an organizational block and a modeling and visualization block. The authors proposed a list of key statistical (attribute) and spatial data and the attractiveness coefficient of a municipality as a criterion for assessing the opportunities for the development of human capital in a particular territory. The authors developed the scheme of the algorithm for the functioning of GIS monitoring the attractiveness of municipalities of the Republic of Bashkortostan, as well as they introduced the interface and user tools. The proposed GIS allows users to search for the municipality with the subsequent output of information about it containing the values of demographic, migration, socio-economic and environmental indicators in tabular and graphical forms. The results of the research make it possible to predict the level of attractiveness of municipalities in the short and medium term, depending on the chosen governance strategy and also allow zoning of municipalities by groups. The authors conclude they developed GIS monitoring of socio-economic attractiveness of municipalities to determine the movement of human capital in the Republic of Bashkortostan can serve as the basis for creating a fully functional decision support system at the regional level in all subjects of the Russian Federation.

1. South S. J., Crowder K., Chavez E. Exiting and entering high-poverty neighborhoods: Latinos, Blacks and Anglos compared. Social Forces. 2005;84(2):873–900. DOI: 10.1353/sof.2006.0037

2. Van Ham M., Clark W. A.V. Neighbourhood mobility in context: Household moves and changing neighbourhoods in the Netherlands. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space. 2009;41(6):1442–1459. DOI: 10.1068/a4182

3. Robson B., Lymperopoulou K., Rae A. People on the move: Exploring the functional roles of deprived neighbourhoods. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space. 2008;40(11):2693–2714. DOI: 10.1068/a40241

4. Hedman L., van Ham M., Manley D. Neighbourhood choice and neighbourhood reproduction. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space. 2011;43(6):1381–1399. DOI: 10.1068/a43453

5. Stroev P. V., Kashin V. K., Pivovarova O. V., Reshetnikov S. B., Lapenkova N. V. Information support of geoinformation modeling of spatial development (the case of the TASED in the Khabarovsk territory). Vestnik Tyumenskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Sotsial’no-ekonomicheskie i pravovye issledovaniya = Tyumen State University Herald. Social, Economic, and Law Research. 2019;5(3):60–81. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21684/2411–7897–2019–5–3–60–81

6. Loseva O. V. The automated information system for the estimation of the regional human potential. Izvestiya Penzenskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta im. V. G. Belinskogo. 2010;(22):163–173. (In Russ.).

7. Karachurina L. B., Mkrtchyan N. V. The potential of spatial mobility of the unemployed in Russia. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya = Sociological Research. 2012;(2):40–53. (In Russ.).

8. Urry J. Sociologie des mobilités: Une nouvelle frontière pour la sociologie? Paris: Armand Colin; 2005. 256 p.

9. Cattan N. Territoire mobile. De l’impossible concept à l’apport des études genres. In: Rosière S., Cox K., Vacchiani-Marcuzzo C., Dahlman C., eds. Penser l’espace politique. Paris: Ellipses; 2009:69–86.

10. Simmel G. Die Großstädte und das Geistesleben. In: Petermann T., ed. Die Großstadt. Vorträge und Aufsätze zur Städteausstellung. Jahrbuch der Gehe-Stiftung zu Dresden. Dresden: Zahn & Jaensch; 1903:185–206. (Russ. ed.: Simmel G. Bol’shie goroda i dukhovnaya zhizn’. Logos. 2002;(3):23–34.).

11. Park R. E. Human ecology. In: Park R. E. On social control and collective behavior: Selected papers. Chicago, London: The University of Chicago Press; 1967:69–84. (Russ. ed.: Park R. Ekologiya cheloveka. In: Filippov A. F., ed. Teoriya obshchestva: fundamental’nye problemy. Moscow: Kanon-Press; 1999:384–400.).

12. McKenzie R. The ecological approach to the study of the human community. American Journal of Sociology. 1924;30(3):287–301.

13. Clark W. A.V., van Ham M., Coulter R. Socio-spatial mobility in British society. IZA Discussion Paper. 2011;(5861). URL: https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/51628/1/669714356.pdf

14. Stroyev P. V., Kan M. I. The spatial mobility of population: Economic and social aspects. Ekonomika. Nalogi. Pravo = Economics, Taxes & Law. 2016;9(6):35–41. (In Russ.).

15. Cavalcante de Melo L. M. Mobilidadesócio-ocupacional e mobilidadeespacial: diferenciações entre hierarquiasurbanas para o mercado de trabalho formal, Brasil, 2000–2009. Tese de Doutorado. Belo Horizonte, MG: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; 2012. 166 p. URL: https://repositorio.ufmg.br/bitstream/1843/AMSA-8WZH4P/1/tese_luzia_maria_cavalcante_de_melo.pdf

16. Mägi K., Leetmaa K., Tammaru T., van Ham M. Types of spatial mobility and the ethnic context of destination neighbourhoods in Estonia. IZA Discussion Paper. 2015;(9602). URL: https://docs.iza.org/dp9602.pdf

17. Fattahov R. V., Nizamutdinov М. М., Oreshnikov V. V. Methodological aspects of developing a database for GIS monitoring of the spatial development of Russia. Vestnik Finansovogo universiteta = Bulletin of the Financial University. 2017;21(3):177–188. (In Russ.).

18. Nizamutdinov М. М., Atnabaeva А. R., Akhmetzyanova М. I. Research of interregional migration processes based on simulation modelling. Izvestiya Ufimskogo nauchnogo tsentra RAN = Proceedings of the RAS Ufa Scientific Centre. 2020;(3):93–99. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.31040/2222–8349–2020–0–3–93–99

19. Fattakhov R. V., Nizamutdinov М. М., Atnabaeva А. R., Akhmetzyanova М. I. Assessment and forecasting of the Russian regions attractiveness as a factor of interregional migration. Upravlencheskie nauki = Management Sciences in Russia. 2021;11(4):55–70. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.26794/2404–022X-2021–11–4–55–70

20. Akhmetzianova М. I., Atnabaeva А. R. Research of the attractiveness of municipal districts and cities of the Republic of Bashkortostan using component and cluster analyzes. Vestnik Evraziiskoi nauki = The Eurasian Scientific Journal. 2020;12(5):3. (In Russ.).

21. Smyslova О. Y., Stroev P. V., Nesterova N. N. Mechanism of increasing the sustainability of socio-economic development of regions with using GIS-technologies. Upravlencheskie nauki = Management Sciences in Russia. 2018;8(4):84–93. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.26794/2404–022X-2018–8–4–84–93