Интегрированный подход к управлению внутренними и внешними кризис-коммуникациями в организациях. Часть 1

Несмотря на то, что в научно-исследовательских разработках в области управления организацией значительное место отводится вопросам изучения кризисных ситуаций и кризисного управления, результаты исследований все же остаются достаточно фрагментированными, что затрудняет выбор правильного пути в дальнейшем продвижении в этом направлении. Для решения этой задачи предлагается рассмотреть интегрированную структуру кризисов и управления ими, основанную на исследованиях в области стратегического менеджмента, организационной теории и организационного поведения, а также исследованиях в области связей с общественностью и корпоративных коммуникаций. В посвященной кризисам и кризис-менеджменту литературе можно выделить два основных направления. Первое — где основное внимание уделяется внутренней динамике развития кризиса и второе — где внимание организации сосредоточивается на внешнем управлении заинтересованными сторонами или стейкхолдерами. В настоящей статье сначала будут введены основные понятия для каждого из названных направлений, затем выделены их общие черты и на основе результатов исследований, предложенных в обширном списке приведенной ниже литературы, оба направления будут объединены в одну интегрированную структуру. За основу в этом списке автор принимает исследование Дж. Банди, М. Пфаррера, К. Шорта и Т. Кумбса «Кризис и кризис-менеджмент. Интеграция, интерпретация и исследование» [1] и статью К. Пирсон и Дж. Клар, «Рефрейминг кризис менеджмента» [2]. В целом используемый в настоящей работе список источников охватывает работы зарубежных авторов, опубликованные в 1998–2015 гг.

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