The article presents the results of the fi research on the problems of governing a state with the use of the methodology of complexity theory (cybernetic epistemology) The toolkit allowed the authors to conclude that the complex, dissipative system of the state, located at the bifurcation point, cannot be managed by traditional methods. The recursive nature of the state and economy development process defies linear-hierarchical governance, and requires serious fundamental work on the application of strange attractors mathematics for modeling and control.Cybernetic epistemology reveals an insurmountable contradiction between forming a governing subsystem on the partisan-and-backroom principle and tasks of socioeconomic systems management. A transition to a meritocratic recruitment system in all legislative and executive bodies can be the only solution to the problem.Scientific novelty of the presented research results lies in application of Gödel’s theorems of incompleteness to socio-economic processes analysis. Modern theory and practice are based on three main axioms: matter and energy; a cell; evolution, that F. Engels presented in “Dialectics of nature”, following L.A. Feuerbach. The axioms allowed to explain the socio-economic processes within the range from Homo Economicus to Homo Soveticus. To explain the transition from capitalitarian stage of evolution to the humanistic one it’s nec3ssary to introduce into scientific circulation a new axiom: autopoetic process of consciousness evolution. In other words, it is not only an object of control that changes, but consciousness of subjects of control changes as well. That was brilliantly foreseen by. K. Galbraith as early as in1967 in the work “New industrial society”. The integration of these and some other classical science achievements with the methodology of complexity theory made it possible to present the analysis of two management issues and to make a conclusion on the movement of governments, societies and economies of the new humanistic social-economic formation.

The article presents the concept of system upgrading of enterprises as a compromise between administrative and organizational modernization and organic evolution of the enterprise. In the article the concept of enterprise is clarified and developed. The empirical evidence about the state of Russian industrial enterpriseis examined; the key components and activities of the strategy of the domestic enterprises system upgrading are identified. It is shown that the definition and the nature of the enterprise depends on the adopted approach to structuring socio-economic space of the country at the macro level. The expedience of consideration the enterprise in the context of the four-tier structure of society “state - society - economy - business”, distinguishing business as a functionally separate sphere of activity, is substantiated. This approach allows us to more adequately describe the operating environment of the company and to analyze the relationship of internal and external factors of modernization. The remote survey data analysis of industrial enterprises, based on “Russian economic barometer” magazine sample collection, contained in the work, leads to the conclusion on an unfavourable state of more than a half of Russian enterprises. This allows to identify external and internal environment factors, preventing the activation of enterprises innovation activity. The violation of an internal integrity of enterprises, an unbalanced influence of the major groups of production participants on decision making, poor responsiveness to the interests of economic subjects when determining economic policy, are the leading factors. The combination of conceptual advancements with empirical data study and methodological achievements of the new theory of economic systems gives the opportunity to substantiate the main directions of the strategy of modernization of Russian enterprises as a necessary condition for the country’s socio-economic development. A set of strategic measures is put forward, affecting both the internal organization of enterprises and their relationship with governmental, market, business and social structures, which are aimed at creating a system of sustainable innovative development of the enterprises of all sectors of the economy, forms of ownership and organizational-legal forms, sizes and locations. Mechanisms of multi-level and multilateral strategic planning should become bearers of the proposed design to complement market mechanisms and administrative coordination of socio-economic entities at all levels of the economy.

This article discusses ways to improve the effi y of state regulation of innovation sphere in terms ofrunning the West economic sanctions regime. Emphasizes that Russia thus has a powerful impetus to scientific and technological development and more effi use of their scientifi and technological potential. Examines the steps taken by the state in terms of updating the strategy of innovative development, a sound defi of scientifi and technological priorities, and mechanisms for their implementation, as well as the optimization of the investment process in order to stimulate the development of high-tech industries. Proposals to improve the organization and coordination of the activities of the prospective operation of the federal executive bodies, the competence of which are issues of technological development of certain sectors of the economy.

The article considers the preconditions stipulating the necessity of transition to result oriented planning and its role and importance in the process of budget forming and implementing is reasoned as well. The result oriented planning is investigated as a tool of innovative policy carried out through the analysis the implementing of the state program “Economic development and innovative economy”.The scientifi article gives the all-round analysis of federal legislation and decrees of the President of the Russian Federation on the problems of the result oriented planning in the Russian Federation allowing to provide the implementing the result oriented planning as a tool of the state innovative development. The results of comparative analysis of domestic and foreign experience in implementing the Government program “Economic development and innovative economy” are presented”. Based on the results of comparative analysis the main problems in the fi of economic development and innovative economy are exposed, as well as the factors which can substantially influence on the results of the state innovative policy. The practical importance of basic measures of the preliminary Government program is grounded, namely: providing the co-ordination of innovative policy; maintenance the innovative projects at the state level, which are connected with the creation and functioning of technological platforms; implementing the Complex program of development of biogeotechnologies for the period until 2020; stimulation of innovations in companies with state participation; creation and development of institutes and infrastructures, providing start and work of innovative projects at all stages of the development; creation the centers of innovative development etc. Based on the investigation results the conclusions and recommendations are formulated concerning the improvement of result oriented planning and introduction the innovative economy.

In the article the author has provided the results of the analysis, forecast and development of the main indicators covering innovation activities of the Russian industry. The estimation of the current situation and forecasts results of the innovation development provided in the article is based on the official statistics data. The main source of the statistical information in the field of innovation activities is contained in the report No. 4 on innovation development entitled “Data on innovative activity of an organization”.The forecast is covered by the indicators reflecting the innovative activities of the organizations dealt with industrial production, including in particular the main expenses on technology innovations and shipped innovation goods as well. Besides the data reflecting directly the innovation potential of the industrial organization dealing with the calculation of forecasts was used by the author as the set of macroeconomic indicators. At the analysis phase composition of these indicators is being defi when developing the forecasting models for each of the concrete indicators. This set of indicators includes GDP value, size of the federal budget, structure of its account part, rates of inflation and some other indicators.On the basis of the forecast methodology the author used package of the regression and factorial models making an opportunity to receive forecasts on the basis of the proposed scenario planning conditions of an economic situation in the country. The models used in the methodology are adaptive, i.e. capable to react actively on the dynamic changes in the content of the current forecasting data and herewith taking into account the forecasting results provided in the previous stage.In the article as a result of the calculations the author has given rates of the different types of the economic performance as a function of the efficiency and innovation activities. As a result the list of leaders and outsiders is being worked out. On the basis of the analysis of the current trends and the prognosis of the indicators describing the innovation domain as well the author makes deductions on the perspectives of the innovation development.The research results may be used by federal authorities and business community for the purpose of accepting the management decisions promoting a selection of the directions of the innovation development.

It is mentioned in the article that the cluster approach to organizing and managing the manufacturing and innovative activity allows to solve the tasks of regional and branch development, to achieve the organizations’ competitive advantages, to attract investments, as well as to promote raising the interaction efficiency of states, business, research and educational establishments. The western experience of cluster approachinfinancial-economic developmentmechanisms is considered for better understanding of Russian economic development. Among them we highlight: direct financing, reduction in tax, legislative remedies of intellectual property, providing loans and target donations, as well as the creating the funds of implementing the innovations. Judging upon the international experience the usage of these mechanisms in regions’ development cluster model allows raising the effectiveness of regional clusters functioning. The implementation of cluster policy in western countries led to the growth of the labour productivity and innovative enterprises boom in clusters, to more intensive development of small and medium business, to growth of investments in stock capital, increasing the social and economic development of the territories, which in total strengthens considerably the state economy. The cluster initiatives in western countries allowed raising their competitiveness and optimizing the national economy management. It should be mentioned that one of the priority goals of cluster policy is the support of highly technological economy sectors (bio-technologies, IT etc.). Cluster initiatives assistance programs in western countries provide the declarative character of getting information about clusters for their further selection. The authorities organize the contest of collective applications. Besides the business sector is the major catalyst for innovations and financing the scientific researches and developments (R&D).Clusters are selected on competition principles where only the best get the assistance. Simultaneously several ministers are responsible for the implementation of cluster strategy. The programs financing may take place from different budgets: the own budgeting of the program, called-up capital from other federal and regional programs.

The article deals with the questions of international cooperation of universities in Italy and Russia, the development strategy of enterprises in the sphere of small- and medium-scale business, the impact of partnership with the private business sector in Italy and Russia, ensuring effective development of international education as a key to high fl xibility and conformity with the requirements of innovative economy in various countries. The purpose of the article is to examine the problems and prospects of small- and medium-scale business development, to substantiate the importance of partnerships development between small and medium enterprises and the sphere of education, particularly higher education, as a source for innovative projects and programs and for generating ideas of the economies development prospects. In the article the comparative analysis of the small and medium business development trends is given, as well as the assessment of macro - and micro - factors infl the solution of the task of achieving and demonstrating a high level of utility and value of University education and focus on the interaction between higher education and small- and medium-scale businesses. The assessment of RIM University’s experience in the organization of training of professors from Russia in Italy, with the main purpose of connecting the Financial University learning theory with practice, especially on small- and medium-scale business enterprises. The article concludes that the study of the experience of functioning and development of small Italian enterprises objectively showed that small and medium business activity should be focused on implementation of new technologies and manufacture of new products - of a higher quality and at a lesser cost thus ensuring their competitiveness, strengthening their positions in the market, providing expected gains. The article substantiates the importance of small- and medium-scale businesses cooperation with higher education, generating innovation and the need for the development of professional capacities of the faculty of classical and research universities during practical training in the real sector of economy of the Russian and Italian companies. On-the-job training provides studying the production process organization, accounting analysis, internal control and audit of the on small and medium business enterprises. Sectoral workshops discussions are aimed at the issues of accounting and taxation features in Italy. Special attention is paid to the organization of management accounting and inventory management; monitoring of receivables and payables, methods of maintaining solvency in common practice and under crisis, and others.

Based on reciprocal economic interests and similar views on international affairs, Russia and China constructed and enhanced their cooperation in recent decades. In May 2014, the two nations announced “a new stage on all-round strategic cooperative partnership”. To support and facilitate this strategic cooperation, infrastructure development, such as railway/road networks, power plants and transportation, and mineral refineries, areidentified as key domains.The following huge amounts of investment and building work, traditionally initiated by the government, can also be raised, at least partly, from private sectors. This paper presents a brief view on benefits, as well as critical success factors and future work facilitating this approach.

This article considers the major problems of innovative activity ensuring the economic growth of Tajikistan Republic. It depicts the methods of the state’s innovative policy which refl the development of innovative activity. The article emphasizes the importance of the state’s innovative policy in creating the favorable economic and legal climate, as well as in embodiment the results of intellectual and innovative activity. An additional point is that the state’s innovative policy contributes to creating the infrastructure of national innovative system. The state of enterprises’ innovative capacity, scientifi and human resources and the tempo of accomplishing the scientifi and technical projects are analyzed here on the basis of the statistic data. The state’s role in the development of enterprises’ innovative activity is noted here. The measures on supporting the innovative business, as well as the principles of public and private partnership in innovative sphere are introduced. The main reasons which hinder the development of innovative activity in national economy are investigated. The factors suppressing the innovative investment in Tajikistan Republic are detected. Different mechanisms of supporting the business entities innovative activity are suggested. The main points of state programs in the field of boosting the innovative activity are considered. The expedience of forming Innovative Activity Support and Development Unit is scientifi ally proved. The role of introducing the benefi tax regime for enterprises carrying out innovative projects is particularly highlighted. The participation of insurance system compensating the possible risks and losses in the process of forming and developing the innovative activity is suggested. The survey disclosing the problems of innovative activity has been conducted among the representatives of small and medium businesses.The necessary measures of stimulating the innovative activity in Tajikistan Republic are suggested, among them are the following: public and private co-funding the innovative projects, tax remissions of the enterprises carrying out innovative projects, wide applying the methods of accelerating tangible and intangible consumption, forming the system of public and private research and technological developments insurance. As well as the state support of insurance companies compensating the credit risks connected with innovative socialization and commercialization etc.

The country’s economic development is connected with the necessity of companies’ capital financing. In global turbulent period the significant importance is given to the state support of economic real sector. Government regulation of the economy must be aimed at the generating conditions of companies’ effective usage the available resources, at constant renewal the fi ed assets, searching for the new methods of capital fi While capital fi the companies should reasonably combine internal reserves i.e. amortization and profit, with any other sources of financing means, the banks’ credits and budget financing in particular. Russian real economic sector needs in state support directed at encouraging the domestic production and manufacturing. A state must thoughtfully react to the changes in economy and take measures allowing the national business to overcome the economic shocks and build up the constructive dialogue with the representatives of the economic real sector.

Regional innovation policy is aimed at the formation and development of innovative subsystem of the regional economy and at the maintenance of a sustainable regional economy’s growth. Having undeniable advantage in innovative projects implementation, small- and medium-scale enterprises is the most attractive in the process, which is confirmed by the statistical data on the effectiveness of innovative development of the Chelyabinsk region, given in the article.The article focuses on the problems faced by regional entrepreneurship in the implementation of innovative policies along with its progress.Within the economy development strategy and with regard to the problems, the article considers the existing. The article is based on the research results, carried out at the expense of budget funds on the Financial University’s state task in 2014.infrastructure of innovation activities support of small- and medium-scale enterprises in Chelyabinsk region, their place and role in the improvement of the innovation process management. It is noted that the infrastructure requires an appropriate management system, which is of particular importance in today’s economy.The article offers the organizational-economic model as an optional system of innovative development management of small- and medium-scale enterprises. In accordance with the assistance program, the model formation is based on the three phases, and structurally the model consists of two subsystems: the controlling one and the manageable one. The article considers the model structure in detail and its role in the development of the innovation system of the Chelyabinsk region.