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Management Sciences

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Vol 5, No 3 (2015)
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https://doi.org/10.26794/2304-022X-2015--3

THEORY AND PRACTICE OF MANAGEMENT

6-14 656
Abstract
The paper states the most important problem of the development of modern management science, which is currently experiencing crisis. Difficulties arise primarily due to the fact that the methodology of socio-economic science is not fully consistent with modern requirements of social life. But the main thing consists in focusing on the development of commodity-money relations while the significance of the management system is moved to the background. It’s obvious that the efficiency of market relations depends on the quality of management. One can hardly expect positive results while there is no clear interrelationship between management and economic sciences. Unfortunately, at present one can’t observe such a close correlation. The development of management and economic sciences runs concurrently with a scarce link to each other.The importance of public administration is growing year by year. However, the priority of public administration has been«lost» in the maze of market economy reforms. The successful development of market relations is inconceivable without a strong and efficient system of public administration. The article underlines the importance of integrity and institutionality as management system properties. The need for a holistic vision of the socio-economic life of the country is noted; without this vision management loses its qualitative distinctness under complexities of social life. It should be borne in mind, however, that the impact on the economy of the institutional ideology has recently increased. Such a requirement is not included in today’s methodological support of the state management system. Institutional reforms in the country are slow and inconsistent. Obviously it is time to significantly change the whole ideology of socio-economic science. The work alternatively proposes noosphere ideology of public life, the fathers of which were RAS academicians V.I. Vernadsky and N.N. Moiseev. Brought to the forefront of public life, noosphere ideology paradigm, according to the author, will result in the opportunity of improving not only economic but also social and political life of the country.
15-18 555
Abstract
The topic actuality is determined by the importance of solving the problem to maintain business and ensure its development stability especially under crisis conditions and also by ambiguous attitude towards peculiarities and possibilities to use international standards and quality management tools for reaching ongoing success. Some aspects of this direction from the point of view of quality management are considered in this article. The role of quality management in ensuring business competitiveness, main tools and the problems of their usage in order to maintain and further develop it are analyzed. The necessity to choose the tools relevant to concrete situations and forecasting the possible ramification defining business performance and efficiency is noted. A special role is given to technological factors and diversification. The suggested recommendations will allow the CEO to emphasize the most essential factors defining the further business future and make a decision relevant to concrete conditions.

STATE AND MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT

19-28 908
Abstract
The article deals with the main tasks, stages and investigation results made by the scientific staff of All-Russia centre of living standard on the demand of the Research Institute of Russia Ministry of Finance in the field of working - out and testing the methodology for assessment the efficiency of wage system in the public sector. The article analyses in-system the concepts of wages return and wages liquidity, the worked-out methodology for assessment the efficiency of wage system (MAEWS) in public and municipal establishments is revealed. It is supported by the evidence the necessity of introduction the compensating performance ratio of payment (PRP) in getting the results concerning the organization, branch, temporary period, etc. The given ratio was achieved by expert way in the result of separate investigation in which the ambitious Russian experts in the field of economics and remuneration of labour had taken part. The methods of calculating the labour results and costs are given. At that the monetary method allows to investigate the ratio of real remuneration of labour (RRL) and labour performance against the general financial indices, and also separately against the budget and off-budget financing at the level of separate employees and top managers. The investigation was done as exemplified by thirty-two budgetary institutions from different regions of the Russian Federation, assigning them to effective, very effective, ineffective, very ineffective is made against the criteria defined through the expert way corrected to the compensating performance ratio of payment (PRP), on the basis of calculating the indicators of wage system efficiency and official statistic data. It is justified that the wage system efficiency is somewhat higher in health care institutions as compared to institutions of culture and education. The article presents the possibility to use the worked-out methods at the individual, regional, national level, its usage not only for the budgetary institutions but also for the institutions of the commercial sector. The characteristic interrelation between the organizations efficiency indices and their administrators is introduced.

CORPORATE GOVERNMENT

29-36 529
Abstract
Social problems of modern world are named in the article: such as new threats due to quick development of information technologies, globalization, growth of natural disasters and technogenic accidents, increase of social inequality in the world. It is stressed that safety assurance is becoming one of the main components of managementsystems at state level and in any organizations. Requirements to social responsibility of organizations in accordance with ISO 26000 «Guidance on social responsibility» are described. One of the main core subjects of this standard are consumer problems. Society members have a right to satisfaction of needs in getting place to live, food, necessary clothes, medical service, education, utilities. During the last 20 years there were the reforms in all the social spheres in Russia. The conclusion is made about the failure of all reforms in Russia in social sphere: in the fields of health care, education, social services and science. The reasons of reforms failure are analyzed. These reasons are wrong goals and incorrect indices of reforms results measurement. Efficiency increase was declared as the main goal of all the reforms. In accordance with ISO 9000:2014 (Quality management systems - Fundamentals and vocabulary) efficiency is a relationship between the result achieved and the resources used. In reality efficiency is very often understood as profitability or commercial benefit. All the results of any activity have qualitative and quantitative outcomes. Reforms results in a social sphere can’t be adequately estimated without taking into account the qualitative results. The necessity of quality management improvement is stressed for increasing government and business responsibility in social sphere reforms.
37-44 660
Abstract
The article sets out to discuss the way how crisis can be predicted. The author suggests the set of instruments for analyzing the current state of an organization. The technique suggested has wide practice in Russian companies in the course of strategic planning, crisis management and assessment of a company. The purpose of analyzing an organization is the investigation of factors that have serious influence on the operational and financial results. The technique for evaluating the current state of an organization provides the set of tools for analysis different aspects such as operational and financial outcomes, working capital management, fixed assets management, planning and budgeting, internal control and audit, legal compliance, innovation management, marketing, customer relationship management and investment management. The technique allows having a wide look on the management and control system employed within an organization. Also it makes possible to see the factors that create current operational and financial results. Finally, it leads to recognizing the critical problems that hamper the strategic success.

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT

45-55 1805
Abstract
The article investigates the main aims, values and the concept of anti-crisis management, as a new scientific direction; settles down the statement about the crisis as an inevitable stage of social and economic development of a system at any level threatening its existence. The concept of crisis in anti-crisis management is considered. The article introduces the running and possible crisis consequences, anti-crisis management basic tasks, its results including decreasing the negative consequences in case of system’s collapse and the necessity of its parts’ utilization distinguishing the values which can be used by other systems. A particular attention is paid to the system maintenance and its upgrade with the possible change of its owner as the most important results of anti-crisis management.The kinds of anti-crisis management corresponding to different development levels of negative and crisis events including anticipatory, preventing, reactive, rehabilitative are considered.The statistic data analysis characterizing unprofitable big and medim Russia organizations’ share changing and also the dime nsions of expired indebtedness as of from 2004 to 2015 has been conducted. The peculiarities of taken measures at Russia economy micro-, meso-, macro levels have been considered.A special attention is paid to grounding the differences of anti-crisis management from management, their targets, values, interrelations orientation.
56-62 612
Abstract
Defining the strategic priorities of Russia economic development is the urgent problem nowadays. The sanctions have negatively influenced all the branches of the economy including the industrial sector. Reindustrialization and diversification are the imperatives of Russia economic stability. The article2 considers the results of researching the processes of reindustrialization and import substitution in the industrial sector. The key issues considered in the article are the following: factors of economic stability and industrial sector, support of import substitution, public regulation and regional industrial strategic management, assessment of industrial sector’s development trends for the last years in comparison with the current conditions of sanctions and restrictions; detecting the „growth zones” and „the zones of faster industrial and technological development”, analysis of institutional and legal framework of realization the state anti-crisis strategy in the sphere of industrial development.Based on the empirical analysis of main indices dynamics of the industrial development in Russia and federal circuits, as well as social and economic situation of the territorial entities of the Federation the risks influencing the real sector efficiency and competitiveness have been detected. It’s useful to take into consideration the mentioned risks in the process of realization the state anti-crisis strategy. The directions of leveling and minimizing the risks have been formulated; the main tasks of state anti-crisis strategy in the sphere of Russia and regions industrial development have been defined. The zones of faster industrial and technological development, the formation of innovative clusters and integrated structures have been detected.

MARKETING MANAGEMENT

63-69 639
Abstract
The experience of Russian companies which passed crises of 2008-2009 and 2014-2015, demonstrated the impossibility of using the standard approach for decision-making process under conditions of increased instability. The article deals with the specifics of managerial decision-making process in a crisis that takes into account additional restrictions imposed by the new conditions in the market. Peculiarities of marketing decision-making in the organization during crisis caused by various factors have been quoted. The basic techniques for solution development within the ordinary management and in conditions of instability are analyzed. The article includes approaches to the development of the algorithm of management decisions in the field of marketing and directions of their adaptations for management purposes in conditions of instability. The methodic is characterized not only by crisis management in the sequence of stages of development management decisions, but also by the use of certain methods of analysis and evaluation, organization of work, choose of alternatives, etc. The paper describes the differences in integrated marketing solutions depending on the stage of instability in the organization. Criteria for decision-making in terms of crisis management also have specific features: in the framework of stability these criteria is to achieve the strategic aims of the organization and increasing the value of companion a long term basis and maximize profits in the short term period. Managing unstable economic system implies optimizing costs, including reducing some non-core units and business processes. Losses in the value of assets or income are inevitable, so it is necessary to build a system of implementing successive decisions which at any given time will lead the development of the organization to a new level. It is noted that in the framework of the instability the need for professional hysteresis management increases. In marketing this phenomenon is known as a temporary change in one factor or process which leads to long-term changes in other factors.

PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT

70-75 696
Abstract
The article presents a quantitative approach to modeling the process of recruitment. In circumstances where it is necessary to collect a large staff in a short time, the use of mathematical apparatus can significantly accelerate this process. The most complex and labor-intensive, but also ambiguous on the result, is a step in which the direct decision on hiring is made. Interviewing and resume viewing are always associated with human subjectivity. In addition, it is not so easy to find the recruiter with sufficient professional experience, hold him, motivate, etc.Modern works dedicated to recruiting, describe the process of making a decision on hiring from the point of view of a manager, who assesses professional and personal qualities of the future employee. The author proposed a method for estimating the probability of passing the probation, based on the information provided in the CV. To solve this problem, author used a binary choice model and artificial neural network and made a comparative analysis of these models. Advantages of each approach may occur depending on the situation. For example, coefficients in binary regression let you know exactly how certain factors affect the probability of passing the probation period. Such information can be usefulin a situation where the decision on hiring employees in managerial positions is made and deep analysis is needed. On the other hand, binary regression has some drawbacks: in some cases the binary choice model can produce uncertain evaluation of candidates.This problem does not occur when using the ANN to the task of evaluating candidates for the position: ANN provides an unambiguous classification. However, synaptic weights in the artificial neural network cannot be interpreted, making it impossible to determine the effect of individual factors on the results provided by the model.
76-84 610
Abstract
Article retracted.
The article deals with the economic, social and psychological aspects of raising the employees labour activity under the crisis conditions. Considering in detail the main social and psychological types of employees the author particularly emphasizes the major motivator of raising their labour activity. The methods of material and non-material rewards are considered to be the most important factors in raising the employees’ labour activity. One of the main factors influencing the employees’ labour activity is the organization ideology worked out and adopted by the staff.Practical experience study of Russian companies and organizations under the crisis conditions helps to conclude that this problem can be solved on the condition of elaborating and implementing the complex system of employees’ motivation. The given system of employees’ motivation including the wide range of forms and methods can considerably raise the labour performance and efficiency.The progress of creating and implementing the complex system of employees’ motivation particularly depends on top manager who plays the key role in all the organization changes.


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ISSN 2304-022X (Print)
ISSN 2618-9941 (Online)