The article is largely programmatic in nature and contains a brief outline of basic notions, constructions and results of the system economics, including several new concepts of creating sustainable system complexes - tetrads, and the further evolution of system economics. In this concept economics on the whole is seen as a unity of economic theory, economic policy, economic practice and the sphere of economic management. Accordingly, system economics in a broad sense covers the system economics theory, system economics policy, system properties of economic practices and system characteristics of the sphere of economic management. System economics theory is intended to integrate key provisions of traditional economic theory, neoclassical theory, as well as institutional and evolutionary theories based on the concepts of the general theory of systems and spatial-temporal analysis. Combining these approaches helps to shed light on the causes of inefficiencies and imbalances at different levels of the economy, to extend the scope of economic policy to solving the problems of harmonization and coordination of agents’ activities, implementation of projects, realization of economic processes and development of economic environments. Thereby, all major components of the economy are included into a single conceptual model of the economy functioning. The mission of the system economics under this approach is in performing the role of a single theoretical platform for the evolution of economic theory, economic policy, economic practice and the sphere of economic management.The article presents a structural scheme of the system economics theory genesis; it shows differences of the system economics theory from neoclassical, institutional and evolutionary theories according to such features as the analysis basic unit and the main, from the point of view of this theory, type of relations between agents. The article also considers the dominant type of equilibrium in economics and the most important type of relations between economic factors and economic results. The article emphasizes the role of tetrads - structural complexes of four systems of different types - in the system organization of the economy; it identifies different sources of tetrads formation. The article also illustrates that each system is unambiguously linked to the tetrad, consisting of the combination of all subsystems of each type (object, design, environmental and process types). In terms of a country’s economy it leads to its presentation in the form of the combination of the object, design, environmental and process sectors of the economy. The extensive scheme of the relations between the sectors is given. The list of the main trends in the system economics evolution is presented.

Economic cybernetics is currently seeking out a new evolution paradigm the idea of which may be suggested by the modern philosophy of science. The article reveals the organic linkage of the evolution of the ideas of scientific rationality and that of economic cybernetics. Classical scientific rationality centers attention on the object aims, with theoretical explanation and description, to eliminate everything that relates to the subject, means and operations of the subject’s activity. Non-classical type of scientific rationality takes into account the link between the knowledge of the object and the nature of the means and operation activities. Post-non-classical type of scientific rationality extends the field of reflection over scientific activities. It takes into account the interrelationship of acquired knowledge about the object not only with the peculiarity of means and activity operations, but with value-oriented structures. At the same time the linkage of intra-scientific goals with the non-scientific social values and goals is explicated; the problem of their correlation with the comprehension of value-and-purpose orientations of the subject of scientific activity is solved. A review of the evolution of ideas of economic cybernetics in the context of scientific rationality allowed us to form a holistic vision of the issue and to identify development trends. In economic cybernetics the stages of classical cybernetics and the second order cybernetics are clearly identifiable. Classical cybernetics is based on the ideas of classical scientific rationality, whereas cybernetics of the second order is based on the ideas of non-classical scientific rationality. It is natural to assume that the third order cybernetics should be based on the ideas of post-nonclassical scientific rationality. The author substantiates the urgency of the problem of formation and institutionalization of cybernetics of the third order and the corresponding to it economic cybernetics of self-evolving poly-subjectival environments; the latter is based on the ideas and social and humanitarian technologies of post-non-classical scientific rationality. The author uses the Nobel prizes in Economics as practical illustrations. The offered approach would allow the Russian science to become the world leader in the formation of a new trend in the economic cybernetics of self-evolving poly-subjectival environments, which is in line with the promising trends of the XXI century’s global processes.

Courses on the history of management thought became integral part of the educational process in Russian universities. However, among the classics of management thought there is still no worthy tribute to prominent scientist of the twentieth century Werner Sombart. His work, devoted to scientific management, is introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. There he gives a definition of scientific management, describes the principles of science, describes the emergence and development of science thought in Europe. Principles of management, according to Sombart, may relate to the enterprise as a whole (to the problem of the combination of all factors of production into one effective whole); apply only to the individual functions of the enterprise (calculation, loading and unloading of raw materials, etc.); relate to the use of capital (accounting or production processes), or „to have” as its object handling things (machine system) or human resources (wage system).Special place is given to the emergence of a new type of worker - the „industrial engineer” or „rationalization expert”. Sombart says, that „on all of these stages of labour” „continuous account of economic value of innovations for the enterprise economic interests” depends on industrial engineer. Engineer should promote discoveries and future innovations. Sombart believes that company’s scientific management makes further progress, when there are„engineers”, not only „overseer of the material process, but also required to take care of systematic relationships of the other production processes and of rational organization of human labor”.In the book much attention is devoted to bibliography in German, English and French on various aspects of management. Sombart’s approach to description of systems „on which enterprise is based” deserves much attention. The author distinguishes three systems: the standard system (management system), the number system (reporting system) and the tools system (the system of machines).

The ideas that laid the foundation for the program of land reform in Russian agriculture have not been implemented according to many points. The acre of productive land is annually reduced. The mechanisms and conditions for intensive agricultural development and food stability in the country can be ensured through the improvement of the state adjustment policy of land relations as well as through the system of administration of land resources and agricultural assets. Investment attractiveness of agricultural land use, including improving the efficiency of investments in the agricultural land utilization should be reinforced through a number of management decisions.In particular, it is expedient to conduct the research of economic, institutional, social and strategic facets of land utilization. The application of integrated methods of resource-saving technology in the utilization of productive land on the basis of achieving the balance between the stability of the respective ecosystem and, competitive to the above-mentioned, land utilization with the purpose of generating revenue will provide for a positive integrity of the of agricultural land utilization system. Direct motivation for the effective use of agricultural land, involvement of additional arable land into processing, improving natural state of the land is possible on the basis of tax incentives, including land tax exemption for the land users who have invested their equity in conservation and restoration of agricultural lands.The assessment of the stimulation of the agricultural land utilization in the Russian Federation can to be conducted annually by comparing the current values of certain target indicators with the corresponding previous year’s indicators. However, the target indices indicators of the acres of land and holdings do not reflect all of the changes of agricultural land use. Thus, the main reason for arable land loss is the lack within agricultural producers of funds and technical capacity to maintain arable land productivity. The shares of financing in implementing the measures for the promotion of agricultural lands effective utilization are offered as follows: the Federal budget - 35%, budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation - 35%, other sources - 30%.

Realization of the concept of Russia’s sustainable economic development is connected with the need of developing and managing quite costly investments in nature conservation projects. The orientation on the use, for the most part, of government tools for regulating nature management will not be sufficient to encourage companies to adopt „green technology” as well as not to pollute, but preserve the environment.The purpose of the article2 is the analysis of advanced tools of nature management, used in Russia, and the development of the proposals on the development of market tools to encourage investment into nature conservation activities and projects.The analysis of the state policy on environmental safety and conditions for the creation of green economy revealed that Russia currently uses two main groups of nature conservation tools. First, they are instruments of budgetary financing through the implementation of government programs and federal special-purpose programs in the field of environmental protection. Second, they are tools of government regulation, including coercion tools (payments for environmental pollution; licenses, administrative and criminal liability) and incentives (investment tax credit, acknowledgement of non-taxable income and inclusion of income tax expenditures into the tax base; fee reduction; subsidies and grants for the development and commercialization of innovative technologies related to environmental protection; speeded up depreciation of environmental protection facilities; preferential loans for environmental investments, special tariffs on renewable energy sources, and others). Herewith the use of market-based instruments is not provided for.The paper recommends on the use of market-based tools of environmental protection promotion and management, namely, the mechanism of trading permits (permissive licenses) on pollution discharge/disposal is suggested as well as the prospects of the creation of the market of quotas on pollution.

The previous financial world crisis started in the USA with mortgage derivatives crisis made the whole world community realize the risky interrelation between the dynamics of real estate markets and global financial market. Amongst the reactions on crisis there were the raising of capital adequacy ratio and hardening the requirements towards the capital adequacy ratios evaluation internal procedure reflected in a new set of Basel III banking standards which can substantially influence the dynamics of real estate market at the expense of more conservative banking credit policy on real estate security.The Bank of Russia and all Russia banking system are also striving to upgrade according to Basel III standards and in the whole the movement along this vector can be considered successful in all the aspects of banking activity. However up to present time there is a methodological and technical lag of Russia banking system in the efficiency of managing the real estate portfolio as a constituent of bank own capital. That’s why on the basis of comparing the real estate cost share in the assets of international banking groups and Russia banks this article summarizes the Russia banks’ exposure to the risks of the real estate cost changes in comparison with international financial groups.It’s obvious that the economical efficiency of separate objects and the whole real estate portfolio consisting of own capital and bank assets constantly influences its capitalization during the whole real estate objects’ lifespan,e. from the intention to create/acquisition/lending for the usage in the Bank main activity up to the moment of takeover/liquidation. Reasoning from the given provision the article formulates the concepts system about the key aspects and risks based on principles, methods and functions of complex effective managing the real estate portfolio consisting of own capital and bank assets. The research direction of further improving managing bank real estate on the basis of calculating techniques including the monitoring actual results and real estate market forecast is also justified.

The implementation of strategically important investment projects with the inducement of foreign capital is necessary for raising regional economy stability. The innovative tools of anti-crisis regulation permitting to create the mechanisms of inducement the long-term private financing for stable regional economy development are considered. The article analyses the 2014 legal novations which included into new tools economic turnover of inducement the long-term investments: project companies (specialized societies); escrow accounts; new pledgeprovisions; institutes for managing new kinds of pledge; assignment and delegation under the contract; assignment of the right to future money flows and assets; special forms of creditors agreements.The deals’ rights and peculiarities made by specialized project financing society have been considered.The efficiency analysis of existing national economy development tools as peculiar economic zones and their development perspectives because of the new tools’ long-term private investments emergence are actual in crisis situation. The approaches to activating innovative forms of regional development as territories of priority development (TPD) are of peculiar interest under crisis conditions. All the forms of free economic zones are considered as anti-crisis tool of the state policy, which encourages regions and depressive territories to develop. Till now the most free economic zones in Russia haven’t become the centers of regional economy’s dynamic growth, efficient decision-making of interregional territorial development. The main reason of free economic zones’ slow development in Russia was the lack of legislatively vested tools of inducement the long-term financial recourses.

Russian economy is experiencing a severe shortage of Managerial Human Resources being increased against the background of modernization-based vector. The lack of competent supervisors leads to scarcity of reference models necessary for the formation of new-generation managers.There is no consensus regarding the training of modern effective manager, some specialists show leveling the valuables of fundamental education in the sphere of management advocating for its substitution by short-term business courses and practical experience.The author of the article states that in current conditions managers need new essential competences enabling them to renew the knowledge very fast and see the wide market context. For this purpose it’s necessary to form a new kind of manager-the manager-intellectual possessing transdisciplinary world view. Dangerously hollow attitude towards the management education of some experts is connected with the fact that the position of management and its scientific constituents in the system of narrowly disciplined knowledge remain undefined.With the appearance of transdisciplinary paradigm gaining the authority and popularity as a methodological basis for convergence of sciences, technologies and other knowledge spheres in order to study the global problems and forming the wide consensus in scientific and educational community the status of managerial disciplines must undergo the drastic changes. The author suggests that in order to manage people, assets, processes effectively the modern managers must cognize the subject of management across the spectrum of all its forms, understand and adopt its complicated nature as well as master to work in this not easy reality.

Managing employees in organisatons comprises several types of activities including managing their vital activity, execution, counteraction, concordance, co-ordination, and communication.Similar to any other activity managerial activity has different levels of complexity. Modern literature offers several criteria for managerial activity levels and presents outlines of the levels of its professional competence. Relying on the conducted research the author singles out ten levels of managerial activity. Each of the given levels presents a new stage of qualitative significance as well as complication of managerial activity.There is an interrelation between the model of the manager’s personality development and the levels of their professional competence. Thanks to mastering the aggregate of knowledge and acquiring certain practices and skills in the given sphere, one can achieve the next level of a manager’s professional competence.The author has designed the model of managers’ professional development for their achieving higher levels of professional competence. The structure of one of the most important units of the model, i. e. „Acquiring emotional stability”, is given.To master all the units of the model of managers’ professional development and to acquire appropriate skills it is necessary to use intensive educational technologies including several types of games, coaching and case studies. The experience of the use of the managers’ development program allowed for determining the main elements and guidelines of the education that are given in a form of ontological scheme. The structure of a problem-solving situational game „Professional competence of managers” and methods of application of activity assessment system of the game participants according to some parameters are given.Thus, the levels of professional competence, the managers’ professional development model and intensive education technologies constitute the methodological complex ensuring the development of specialists’ competence in managerial activities.